Outcomes of laryngotracheal reconstruction with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts in severe pediatric subglottic stenosis or laryngeal web / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate outcomes of laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR)with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts in severe pediatric subglottic stenosis (SGS) or laryngeal web (LW). Methods: A review of patients with severe subglottic stenosis or laryngeal web between January 2020 and January 2022 was performed. Demographic features including gender, age at diagnosis, age at surgery, etiology, airway support, and other comorbidities were collected preoperatively. Patients were evaluated in surgical site, breathing, swallowing, phonation and complications postoperatively.Descriptive analysis was used in this research. Results: Eight patients were included: six with grade Ⅲ SGS following Cotton-Myer grading scale, and two with type Ⅲ LW following Cohen's classification. All patients underwent LTR with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts. Five patients underwent single-stage LTR (ssLTR), and three patients underwent double-stage LTR (dsLTR). Seven out of eight patients were able to successfully extubate or decannulate with normal swallowing function; four patients had mild hoarseness, and three had moderate hoarseness. One patient failed in extubation, and underwent tracheotomy. Conclusions: LTR with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafts is an effective and safe treatment for severe SGS or LW. Careful preoperative assessment of disease severity and overall medical status will help selection between ssLTR and dsLTR, thereby maximizing patient outcomes for both modalities.

Excerpt from the 2022 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases clinical practice guideline: management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma / 中华肝脏病杂志

What are the new contents of the guideline since 2010?A.Patients with primary and non-primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are included in these guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma.B.Define "related stricture" as any biliary or hepatic duct stricture accompanied by the signs or symptoms of obstructive cholestasis and/or bacterial cholangitis.C.Patients who have had an inconclusive report from MRI and cholangiopancreatography should be reexamined by high-quality MRI/cholangiopancreatography for diagnostic purposes. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be avoided for the diagnosis of PSC.D. Patients with PSC and unknown inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should undergo diagnostic colonoscopic histological sampling, with follow-up examination every five years until IBD is detected.E. PSC patients with IBD should begin colon cancer monitoring at 15 years of age.F. Individual incidence rates should be interpreted with caution when using the new clinical risk tool for PSC for risk stratification.G. All patients with PSC should be considered for clinical trials; however, if ursodeoxycholic acid (13-23 mg/kg/day) is well tolerated and after 12 months of treatment, alkaline phosphatase (γ- Glutamyltransferase in children) and/or symptoms are significantly improved, it can be considered to continue to be used.H. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with cholangiocytology brushing and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis should be performed on all patients suspected of having hilar or distal cholangiocarcinoma.I.Patients with PSC and recurrent cholangitis are now included in the new unified network organ sharing policy for the end-stage liver disease model standard.J. Liver transplantation is recommended after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma with diameter < 3 cm or combined with PSC and no intrahepatic (extrahepatic) metastases.

Clinical and bronchoscopy features of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical and bronchoscopic characteristics of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) in children and to identify factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of children with TBTB were retrospectively collected. The children were divided into two groups based on the last bronchoscopic result within one year of follow-up: a group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=34) and a group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=58). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB.@*RESULTS@#A total of 92 children with TBTB were included, and the main symptoms were cough (90%) and fever (68%). In children under 1 year old, the incidence rates of dyspnea and wheezing were significantly higher than in other age groups (P<0.008). Chest CT findings included mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement (90%) and tracheobronchial stenosis or obstruction (61%). The lymphatic fistula type was the main type of TBTB observed bronchoscopically (77%). All children received interventional treatment, and the effective rate was 84%. During one year of follow-up, 34 children had residual airway obstruction or stenosis. The TBTB diagnostic time and the initiation of interventional treatment were significantly delayed in the group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis compared with the group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TBTB diagnostic time was closely related to residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that at the cut-off value of 92 days of TBTB diagnostic time, the area under the curve for predicting residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB was 0.707, with a sensitivity of 58.8% and a specificity of 75.9%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical manifestations of TBTB are nonspecific, and symptoms are more severe in children under 1 year old. TBTB should be suspected in children with tuberculosis and chest imaging indicating airway involvement. Delayed diagnosis of TBTB is associated with the development of residual airway obstruction or stenosis.

Clinical management strategies of pulsatile tinnitus with transverse sinus stenosis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for vein-related pulsatile tinnitus patients with transverse sinus stenosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients with vein-related pulsatile tinnitus, from January 2015 to August 2019, were collected,whose digital subtraction angiography showing transverse sinus stenosis. Taking December 2019 as the last follow-up time, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography results, lumbar puncture pressure and cerebrospinal fluid composition, and other auxiliary examination results (pure tone audiometry, fundus examination of papilledema, carotid ultrasonography, bone density screening, endocrinous test), as well as tinnitus handicap inventory, treatment options and follow-up results. Results: 83 patients were enrolled with female of 89.2% (74/83) and male of 10.8%(9/83); 65.1% (54/83) with right tinnitus, 31.3% (26/83) with left tinnitus, and 3.6% (3/83) with bilateral tinnitus; 67.5% (56/83) with right dominant sinus, 19.3% (16/83) with left dominant sinus, 13.3% (11/83) with bilateral equalization; Bilateral and ipsilateral stenosis accounted for 55.4% and 44.6% respectively; BMI was overweight or obese in 41 cases (49.4%, 41/83). Patients with tinnitus handicap inventory level three or above accounted for 79.5% (66/83). Eventually, 33 patients chose conservative observation (39.8%, 33/83), 40 patients (48.2%), 8 patients (9.6%) and 2 patients (2.4%) received sigmoid sinus-related surgery, interventional surgery, or emissary vein occlusion respectively. The mean follow-up time of 74 patients was 26.2 months. The data of 48 surgery patients showed that the pressure differences of venous sinus among the recurrent patients were more obvious; Interventional surgery with simultaneous stenting placement was effective. Tinnitus did not decrease in two patients with emissary vein occlusion. Analysis of 26 patients with lumbar puncture revealed eight cases of normal cranial pressure and 18 cases of high cranial pressure. The sinus pressure difference between the two groups was different (P=0.025), but the difference of age of onset, concomitant symptoms, BMI, proportion of empty sella or papilledema was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: The evaluation of patients with vein-related pulsatile tinnitus requires a standardized procedure. Papilledema cannot be used as a sensitive indicator in patients with early intracranial hypertension. Venous sinus pressure difference may be one of the indicators of intracranial hypertension, and the lumbar puncture is the gold standard for the diagnosis. Weight loss can be used as a conservative treatment during the observation period. Significant sinus stenosis is a risk factor for recurrence in patients undergoing sigmoid sinus surgery. Interventional stenting is an effective treatment for tinnitus secondary to transverse sinus stenosis.

Disfunção sexual em mulheres com câncer do colo do útero submetidas à radioterapia: análise de conceito / Disfunción sexual en mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino sometidas a radioterapia: análisis de concepto / Sexual dysfunction in women with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy: concept analysis

Resumo Objetivo analisar o conceito de disfunção sexual em mulheres com câncer do colo do útero submetidas a tratamento radioterápico. Método estudo de análise de conceito fundamentado no referencial metodológico proposto por Walker e Avant, o qual é composto por oito etapas: seleção do conceito; determinação dos objetivos da análise conceitual; identificação dos possíveis usos do conceito; determinação dos atributos críticos ou essenciais; construção de um caso modelo; construção de casos adicionais; identificação dos antecedentes e consequentes do conceito; e definição das referências empíricas. Resultados a amostra final resultou em 11 artigos, que identificaram 4 atributos críticos, 18 antecedentes e 07 consequentes do conceito, os quais permitiram a construção de uma definição conceitual e elaboração de um caso-modelo, com a finalidade de exemplificar o contexto social no qual o conceito encontra-se inserido. Conclusão e implicações para prática alterações na estrutura corporal, déficit de conhecimento, diminuição da frequência das relações sexuais, dispareunia e indiferença do parceiro são alguns dos principais antecedentes e consequentes da disfunção sexual na população estudada. Entretanto, esses fatores ainda são pouco conhecidos, o que limita a realização de ações de promoção, prevenção e reabilitação sexual, sobretudo no campo da enfermagem.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el concepto de disfunción sexual en mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino sometidas a tratamiento radioterápico. Método estudio de análisis de concepto basado en el marco metodológico de Walker y Avant, compuesto por ocho etapas: selección del concepto; determinación de los objetivos del análisis conceptual; identificación de posibles usos del concepto; determinación de atributos críticos o esenciales; construcción de un caso modelo; construcción de casos adicionales; identificación de antecedentes y consecuentes del concepto; y definición de referencias empíricas. Resultados La muestra final resultó en 11 artículos: 04 críticos, 18 antecedentes y 07 consecuentes del concepto, lo que permitió la construcción de una definición conceptual y la elaboración de un caso modelo con el fin de ejemplificar el contexto social en que se inserta el concepto. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica Cambios en la estructura corporal, déficit de conocimiento, disminución de la frecuencia de las relaciones sexuales, dispareunia y la indiferencia de la pareja son algunos de los principales antecedentes y consecuentes de la disfunción sexual en la población estudiada. Sin embargo, estos factores aún son poco conocidos, lo que limita la realización de acciones de promoción, prevención y rehabilitación sexual, especialmente en el campo de la enfermería.

Abstract Objective to analyze the concept of sexual dysfunction in women with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Method a concept analysis study based on the methodological framework proposed by Walker and Avant, which consists of eight stages: concept selection; determination of the objectives of the conceptual analysis; identification of possible uses of the concept; determination of critical or essential attributes; construction of a model case; construction of additional cases; identification of the antecedents and consequences of the concept; and definition of empirical references. Results the final sample resulted in 11 articles, which identified 4 critical attributes, 18 antecedents and 07 consequences of the concept, which allowed the construction of a conceptual definition and the elaboration of a model case in order to exemplify the social context in which the concept is inserted. Conclusion and implications for practice changes in body structure, lack of knowledge, decreased frequency of sexual intercourse, dyspareunia, and partner's indifference are some of the main antecedents and consequences of sexual dysfunction in the studied population. However, these factors are still little known, which limits the performance of actions of promotion, prevention and sexual rehabilitation, especially in the field of nursing.

Bilateral Transverse Sinus Angioplasty for the Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ­ Case Report and Literature Review

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure, without presence of parenchymal lesions or hydrocephalus that justify it. Over 90% of cases there is association with stenosis of the dural venous sinuses. It is characterized by headache, tinidus, nausea, vomiting and visual disturbances. Initial treatment is clinical and when it fails there is indication of invasive procedures, among them shunts and fenestration of the optic nerve sheath. Angioplasty of dural venous sinuses, when indicated, has shown an alternative with better results and less complications. We report a case of a female patient, with 27 years old, diagnosed with IIH and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis, which was treated by bilateral stenting and total resolution of symptoms. Besides describing the case we review the literature about the subject.

Alucinosis peduncular: descripción de un caso y revisión del tema / Peduncular hallucinosis: a case report and topic review / Alucinose peduncular: descrição de um caso e revisão do assunto

La alucinosis peduncular es el término utilizado para describir una forma rara de alucinaciones visuales complejas, vívidas, coloridas y generalmente recurrentes que ocurren en relación a lesiones del tronco encefálico y el tálamo. Es una patología infrecuente y su fisiopatología es controvertida. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 38 años con alucinosis peduncular asociada a compresión extrínseca del tronco encefálico secundaria a un schwannoma vestibular. Analizamos las características clínicas y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos subyacentes.

Peduncular hallucinosis is a clinical condition characterized by vivid, colorful, complex visual hallucinations that often recur in time and are described in association with midbrain and thalamic lesions. It is a rare phenomenon and its precise pathophysiology is unknown. We describe the case of a 38-year-old woman who developed peduncular hallucinosis in relation to extrinsic compression of the midbrain secondary to a vestibular schwannoma. Clinical features and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.

A alucinose peduncular é o termo usado para descrever uma forma rara de alucinações visuais complexas, vívidas, coloridas e geralmente recorrentes que ocorrem em relação às lesões do tronco encefálico e do tálamo. É uma patologia infreqüente e sua fisiopatologia é controversa. Descrevemos o caso de uma mulher de 38 anos de idade com alucinose peduncular associada à compressão extrínseca do tronco encefálico secundária ao schwannoma vestibular. Analisamos as características clínicas e os mecanismos fisiopatológicos subjacentes.

Tratamento laparoscópico da compressão do tronco celíaco pelo ligamento arqueado do diafragma associado a correção endovascular do aneurisma de artéria pancreatoduodenal: relato de caso / Laparoscopic treatment of celiac axis compression by the median arcuate ligament and endovascular repair of a pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm: case report

A compressão do tronco celíaco pelo ligamento arqueado mediano do diafragma pode causar sintomas inespecíficos como dor abdominal, vômitos e emagrecimento. Existe uma associação comprovada entre estenoses ou oclusões do tronco celíaco e aneurismas da artéria pancreatoduodenal. Nas situações em que essa associação ocorre, a estratégia de tratamento deve ser individualizada. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com aneurisma de artéria pancreatoduodenal associado à compressão do tronco celíaco pelo ligamento arqueado, manejados, respectivamente, por técnicas endovasculares e laparoscópicas

Compression of the celiac axis by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm can cause nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss. There is a known association between stenosis or occlusion of the celiac trunk and aneurysms of the pancreaticoduodenal artery. Treatment strategies for patients who have this association should be selected on a case-by-case basis. We describe the case of a patient with pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm associated with compression of the celiac trunk by the arcuate ligament, which were managed with endovascular and laparoscopic techniques, respectively

Stents farmacológicos de segunda geração para tratamento de lesões proximais isoladas da artéria descendente anterior. dados do registro Safira / Second-generation drug-eluting stent treatment for isolated proximal left anterior descending artery stenoses. the Safira registry data

Introdução: A estenose grave do terço proximal da artéria descendente anterior (ADA) é classificada como lesão de alto risco, visto que pode comprometer grande parte do miocárdio ventricular esquerdo. Os stents farmacológicos (SF) de segunda geração têm demonstrado maior eficácia e segurança quando comparados aos não farmacológicos ou aos de primeira geração. São escassos os relatos na literatura do emprego desses dispositivos para o tratamento de lesões isoladas do terço proximal da ADA. Métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo, que incluiu pacientes uniarteriais, portadores de lesão de novo no terço proximal da ADA, tratados eletivamente com SF de segunda geração. Avaliamos os desfechos clínicos hospitalares e tardios. Resultados: Foram incluídos 70 pacientes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (70%), com média de idades de 65,4 ± 11,2 anos e com alta prevalência de diabetes (37%). O quadro clínico mais frequente foi angina estável (57,1%) e metade das lesões era do tipo B2 ou C. Foram tratadas 70 lesões com 71 stents, com sucesso angiográfico de 100%. O desfecho primário composto por óbito cardíaco, infarto não fatal ou revascularização do vaso alvo no seguimento clínico de 2,5 anos ocorreu em 3% dos pacientes. A mortalidade cardíaca foi de 1,5%, e a revascularização da lesão alvo foi necessária em apenas 1,5% dos pacientes. Conclusões: Em pacientes uniarteriais com lesões de novo da ADA proximal, o tratamento eletivo com SF de segunda geração parece ser uma opção segura, com baixas taxas de eventos cardíacos adversos ou necessidade de nova revascularização

Background: Severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) is classified as a high-risk lesion, as it may affect a large part of the left ventricular myocardium. Second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to be more effective and safer when compared to bare-metal or first-generation ones. There are few reports in the literature on the use of these devices for the treatment of isolated lesions in the proximal LAD. Methods: Observational and prospective study, which included single-vessel patients with de novo lesions in the proximal LAD, electively treated with second-generation DES. In-hospital and late clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Seventy patients were included, most of them males (70%), with a mean age of 65.4 ± 11.2 years and a high prevalence of diabetes (37%). The most common clinical presentation was stable angina (57.1%) and half of the lesions were type B2 or C. A total of 70 lesions were treated with 71 stents, with 100% angiographic success. The primary endpoint, consisting of cardiac death, nonfatal infarction, or target-vessel revascularization during the 2.5-year clinical follow-up, occurred in 3% of the patients. Cardiac death was 1.5%, and target-lesion revascularization was required in only 1.5% of the patients. Conclusions: Elective treatment with second-generation DES seems to be a safe option in single-vessel patients with de novo lesions in the proximal LAD, with low rates of adverse cardiac events or need for additional revascularization procedure

Endovascular Recanalization of a Thrombosed Native Arteriovenous Fistula Complicated with an Aneurysm: Technical Aspects and Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical aspects and outcomes of endovascular recanalization of a thrombosed native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complicated with an aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients who had a thrombosed AVF complicated with an aneurysm (two radiocephalic and 14 brachiocephalic) were included in this study. Recanalization procedures were performed by mechanical thrombectomy using the Arrow-Trerotola percutaneous thrombectomy device and adjunctive treatments. We evaluated dose of thrombolytic agent, underlying stenosis, procedure time, technical and clinical success, and complications. The primary and secondary patency rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The thrombolytic agents used were 100000 U urokinase mixed with 500 IU heparin (n = 10) or a double dose of the mixture (n = 6). The thrombi in aneurysms were removed in all but two patients with non-flow limiting residual thrombi. One recanalization failure occurred due to a device failure. Aspiration thrombectomy was performed in 87.5% of cases (n = 14). Underlying stenoses were found in the outflow draining vein (n = 16), arteriovenous anastomosis or juxtaanastomosis area (n = 5), and the central vein (n = 3). Balloon angioplasty was performed for all stenoses in 15 patients. Two patients with a symptomatic central vein stenosis underwent insertion of a stent after balloon angioplasty. Mean procedure time was 116.3 minutes. Minor extravasation (n = 1) was resolved by manual compression. Both technical and clinical success rates were 93.8% (n = 15). The primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%, 54.8%, and 31.3%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 70.5%, 70.5%, and 47.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thrombosed AVF complicated with an aneurysm can be successfully recanalized, and secondary patency can be prolonged with endovascular treatment.

Severe tracheobronchial compression in a patient with Turner's syndrome undergoing repair of a complex aorto-subclavian aneurysm: Anesthesia perspectives.

We present a case of severe tracheobronchial compression from a complex aorto‑subclavian aneurysm in a patient with Turner’s syndrome undergoing open surgical repair. Significant airway compression is a challenging situation and requires careful preoperative preparation, maintenance of spontaneous breathing when possible, and consideration of having an alternative source of oxygenation and circulation established prior to induction of general anesthesia. Cardiopulmonary monitoring is essential for safe general anesthesia and diagnosis of unexpected intraoperative events.

A regeneração do colo uterino após tratamentos excisionais das neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais: repercussões futuras / Uterine cervix regeneration after excisional treatmentfor cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: future implications

Os tratamentos excisionais para as neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais podem ter como consequência o trabalho de parto prematuro e a colposcopia inadequada em decorrência da estenose do canal cervical, além da possibilidade de comprometimento da resposta imune aferente contra novas lesões. Algumas escolhas feitas pelo cirurgião podem otimizar o processo cicatricial e minimizar esses efeitos. São elas: evitar o tratamento desnecessário das lesões, as cauterizações profundas e as suturas em demasia, bem como orientar a paciente sobre o período de tempo que deverá ser aguardado antes de uma possível gestação.(AU)

Excisional treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may result in preterm labor and inadequate colposcopy, as a consequence of cervical canal stenosis, in addition to the possibility of reducing the afferent immunologic response against new lesions. Some choices made by the surgeon can optimize the healing process and minimize these effects, such as: avoiding unnecessary treatment of the lesions, deep cauterizations and excessive sutures, as well as advising the patient about the proper time to wait before a possible pregnancy.(AU)

Clinical and Radiologic Review of Uncommon Cause of Profound Iron Deficiency Anemia: Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome

Median arcuate ligament syndrome is an anatomic and clinical entity characterized by dynamic compression of the proximal celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament, which leads to postprandial epigastric pain, vomiting, and weight loss. These symptoms are usually nonspecific and are easily misdiagnosed as functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, or gastropathy. In this report, we presented a 72-year-old male patient with celiac artery compression syndrome causing recurrent abdominal pain associated with gastric ulcer and iron deficiency anemia. This association is relatively uncommon and therefore not well determined. In addition, we reported the CT angiography findings and three-dimensional reconstructions of this rare case.

Sinusoidal Constriction and Vascular Hypertrophy in the Diabetes-Induced Rabbit Penis

Objective To assess the morphological changes of penile vascular structures and the corpus cavernosum area in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Materials and Methods Twenty male rabbits (2 months old) were divided into two groups with 10 rabbits each, the control group (CG) and the diabetic group (DG). The animals from DG received an intravenous injection of alloxan (100mg/kg) to induce the diabetes. Ten weeks after the induction of diabetes, all animals were euthanized. Two fragments of the penile shaft were harvested and samples were processed and paraffin embedded. Sections (5µm) were cut and stained for histological and immunohistochemical markers. Results Nuclear protrusion toward the lumen, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed in the tunica intima of the dorsal artery of the penis in DG. The thicknesses of the tunica media increased significantly in DG (p = 0.0350). It was also observed a significant increase in the area of the tunica media (p = 0.0179). There was no significant change in smooth muscle cell density in the tunica media of the dorsal artery of the penis (p = 0.0855). The collagen fiber pattern of the tunica adventitia of the dorsal artery of the penis was different between the control and diabetic groups. There was a significant decrease in the area occupied by the cavernous sinuses in DG (p = 0.0013). Conclusion Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rabbits promotes important changes in penile vascular structures, thereby decreasing blood supply and affecting penile hemodynamics, leading to erectile dysfunction. .

Estenosis antrales en niños: manejo endoscópico / Antral stenosis in children: endoscopic management

La obstrucción del tracto de salida gástrico es poco frecuente en la infancia; su etiología es diversa e incluye causas congénitas y adquiridas. Las manifestaciones clínicas son variadas e inespecíficas como dolor y/o distensión abdominal, vómitos y pérdida de peso. El diagnóstico se realiza por la anamnesis apoyada en estudios de imágenes como radiología simple y contrastada y, en ocasiones, ecografía y TAC abdominal. La endoscopia digestiva superior confirma el diagnóstico y proporciona valor pronóstico y terapéutico. El tratamiento, desde hace muchos años ha sido la cirugía, con espectro variable de técnicas quirúrgicas y morbilidad y mortalidad asociada. Desde el advenimiento de las técnicas endoscópicas y la aparición del balón "through-the-scope", la terapia endoscópica constituye la primera línea de tratamiento. Se presentan dos pacientes de 2 y 5 años de edad que consultaron a nuestro Servicio por presentar vómitos, distensión abdominal y pérdida de peso de un mes de evolución, recibiendo tratamientos adecuados sin mejoría, en quienes se diagnosticó inicialmente obstrucción del tracto de salida gástrico asociado a úlcera prepilórica cicatrizada. En uno de ellos se reportó el antecedente de ingestión de golosina ácida y en el segundo no se encontró causa aparente. La resolución fue satisfactoria en ambos por dilatación endoscópica antropilórica con balón neumático, sin complicaciones

The tractus gastric obstruction of exit is frequent in infancy; its etiology is diverse and includes congenital causes and adquired. the clinical manifestations are varied and specific like pain And or abdominal distension, vomiting, and weight loss the diagnosis is carry out through anamnesis backed up in studies of images like simple radiology, and contrasted and at times, echography and abdominal TAC. The digestive superior endoscopy confirms the diagnosis and provides value forecast and therapeutic. The treatment, has been surgery eversince with variable specter of surgical technologists and morbidity and mortality associated however, since the arrival of the endoscopic techniques and the appearing of the baron "through-the-scope", the endoscopic treatment constitutes the front line of treatment. Two patients of 2 and 5 years old that consulted our service for presenting vomiting, abdominal distension and weight loss of a month of evolution, receiving appropriate treatment without improvement, whose obstruction of exit was diagnosed initially gastric prepyloric ulcer healedwas associated. In one of them the antecedent of ingestion of acid sweet was yielded and in the second one there was not anhy cause. Resolution was satisfactory in both for dilatation endoscopic antropyloric with pneumatic ball, without complications

Doença de Crohn estenosante / Stuttering crohn's disease

As estenoses são uma das mais graves complicações da doença de Crohn (DC), por pressuporem indicação de ressecção cirúrgica de segmentos intestinais e, como consequência,um novo desenho anatômico do canal alimentar, na maioria das vezes com perda dos eu estado fisiológico, objetivo insistentemente perseguido pelo tratamento medicamentoso desse processo inflamatório. Surgem tanto primariamente em áreas doentes do intestino delgado ou cólon quanto em anastomoses de cirurgias prévias.

Compression of the Main Pancreatic Duct by the Intrapancreatic-Replaced Common Hepatic Artery

We describe a unique case of a patient who presented with a linear, transverse, and incidentally-detected main pancreatic duct dilatation that was caused by the intrapancreatic-replaced common hepatic artery, detected on the MDCT, MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. We believe this case to be the first of its kind reported in the literature.